who are croatians descendants of

WebCroatians were palace guards to the Caliphs of Moslem Spain in 1000 - 1200 A.D. and palace guards to the kings of France. Claire Dubrey actress (father was from Dalmatia) Jenna Elfman television and movie actress (of partial Croatian descent; niece of Tony Butala) Judah Friedlander actor and comedian (mother of Croatian descent) Mira Furlan television and film actress. croatians tom delights cruise dubrovnik croatia [39] However, this theory has been scientifically discredited and rejected. [21], Haplogroup's N subclades are rare in Croatia (0-2.2%). [128] Genetical results can not be used as the evidence for a specific ethnic component, but they indicate the main role of the Slavs in the Croatian ethnogenesis.[129]. [20] The subclade's I-P37.2 very high frequency in the Western Balkans diminishes in all directions. [10] According to the legend preserved in the work, they were led by five brothers (Kloukas), (Lobelos), (Kosentzis), (Mouchlo), (Chrobatos), and two sisters (Touga) and (Bouga),[10][11] and their archon at the time was father of Porga, and they were baptized during the rule of Porga in the 7th century. [27] Utevska calculated that the STR cluster divergence and its secondary expansion from the middle reaches of the Dnieper river or from Eastern Carpathians towards the Balkan peninsula happened approximately 2,860 730 years ago, relating it to the times before Slavs, but much after the decline of the Tripolye culture. The definition of Croatian ethnogenesis begins with the definition of ethnicity,[1] according to which an ethnic group is a socially defined category of people who identify with each other based on common ancestral, social, cultural or other experience, and which shows a certain durability over the long period term of time. [42], The Iranian theory entered the historical science from three, initially independent ways, from historical-philological, art history, and religion history, in the first half of the 20th century. [90][102][103] Lately, a more pro-Turkic (as White Oghurs) thesis was given by Osman Karatay. Jay Grdina pornographic film actor. Also, Croatians and Bosnians look so different from any Persian out there, so I don't know Europeans could descend from Persians. [15] In the northern islands of Cres (3%)[15] and Krk (6.8%) was similar to other southern islands (3.7-4.3%). Population genetics is a scientific discipline which contributes to the examination of the human evolutionary and historical migrations. Constantine VII does not identify Croats with Slavs, nor does he point to differences between them. . " ", "Craniofacial Characteristics of Croatian and Syrian Populations", "Craniometric relationships of medieval Central European populations: Implications for Croat ethnogenesis", "Kraniometrijska analiza srednjovjekovnih nalazita sredinje Europe: Novi dokazi o ekspanziji hrvatskih populacija tijekom 10. do 13. stoljea", Anthropological material from Zelenche, an ancient Rus period burial ground, "Od Hrvata pak koji su stigli u Dalmaciju odvojio se jedan dio i zavladao Ilirikom i Panonijom: Razmatranja uz DAI c. 30, 75-78", "Croatian national reference Y-STR haplotype database", "The paternal perspective of the Slovenian population and its relationship with other populations", "The Geography of Recent Genetic Ancestry across Europe", "Genetic Heritage of the Balto-Slavic Speaking Populations: A Synthesis of Autosomal, Mitochondrial and Y-Chromosomal Data", "Veze srednjoazijskih prostora s hrvatskim srednjovjekovljem", "Avari: osvrt na njihovu etnogenezu i povijest", "Hrvatska etnogeneza: pregled komponentnih etapa i interpretacija (s naglaskom na euroazijske/nomadske sadraje)", Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, "Y chromosomal heritage of Croatian population and its island isolates", "Phylogeography of Y-Chromosome Haplogroup I Reveals Distinct Domains of Prehistoric Gene Flow in Europe", "High-resolution phylogenetic analysis of southeastern Europe traces major episodes of paternal gene flow among Slavic populations", "Y-chromosomal evidence of the cultural diffusion of agriculture in southeast Europe", "Frequencies of mtDNA Haplogroups in Southeastern Europe-Croatians, Bosnians and Herzegovinians, Serbians, Macedonians and Macedonian Romani", "Cultural inter-population differences do not reflect biological distances: an example of interdisciplinary analysis of populations from Eastern Adriatic coast", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Origin_hypotheses_of_the_Croats&oldid=1146072974, Articles with failed verification from June 2021, Articles with disputed statements from June 2021, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 22 March 2023, at 16:31. [75], However, according to Peter tih and modern scholars,[78] Kronsteiner arguments were plain assumptions which historians can not objectively accept as evidence. They gradually mixed and were assimilated by the Romans, Celts, Avars, and finally Slavs since the 6th century. [21][15] The population with haplogroup I migrated to Europe from the Middle East, approximately 25,000-13,000 years ago. [59] On the example of population of the island of Mljet can be perceived demographic and historical events like the island's use for quarantine station, while along Vis and Lastovo consanguinity practice and inbreeding due to lack of genetic diversity, being suitable for genetic-epidemiological research. [13] Subclades of J1 are rare in Croatia, while J2 are higher in Croats from Croatia, peaking in Croats from Osijek (10.2%) and central islands Ugljan (10.2%) and Paman (16.6%) as well the northern island of Krk (10.8%) and Cres (14.1%),[10][13][15] than in Bosnian Croats (both 1.1%). [48] In 1853 were discovered the two Tanais Tablets. [117][118][119][120][121] Genetically, on the maternal mitochondrial DNA line, a majority (>65%) of Croats from Croatia (mainland and coast) belong to three of the eleven major European mtDNA haplogroups - H (45%), U (17.8-20.8%), J (3-11%), while a large minority (>35%) belong to many other smaller haplogroups. [13] From the I2 subclade, the most prevailing is I2a1a (I-P37.2) i.e. [3] It also had a political connotation, it continued to expand, and since the Late Middle Ages explicitly identified with the nation, although not in the exact meaning as of the contemporary modern nation.[3]. [13][40] Considering subclades, the only outlier is island of Cres which had almost equal percentage of R1a-M558 (29.3%) and R1a-M458 (27.3%). [13][15][16] It is very frequent in the Far East, like Siberia and China, while in Europe in Finns (60%) and in the Baltic countries (45%). Croatia: Religious affiliation Zagreb There is traditionally a close correlation between ethnic identity and religious affiliation. [27][74] He tried to prove that early Croats were an upper caste of Avar origin, which blended with Slavic nobility during the 7th and 8th centuries and abandoned their Avar language. In the case of the present-day Croatian nation, several components or phases influenced its ethnogenesis: The mention of the Croatian ethnonym Hrvat for a specific tribe before the 9th century is not yet completely confirmed. Jay Grdina pornographic film actor. [63] The 2015 IBD analysis found that the South Slavs have lower proximity to Greeks than with East and West Slavs, and that there's an "even patterns of IBD sharing among East-West Slavs'inter-Slavic' populations (Hungarians, Romanians and Gagauz)and South Slavs, i.e. By the time the Croats appear in historical documents, they are a Slavic nation. WebThe definition of Croatian ethnogenesis begins with the definition of ethnicity, [1] according to which an ethnic group is a socially defined category of people who identify with each other based on common ancestral, social, cultural or other experience, and which shows a certain durability over the long period term of time. [15] Similarly, Thomas the Archdeacon in his work Historia Salonitana mentions that seven or eight tribes of nobles, which he called "Lingones", arrived from Poland and settled in Croatia under Totila's leadership. [57] However, the cultural and artistic indicators of Iranian origin, including indications in the religious sphere, is somehow difficult to determine. The high frequency of U4 in Lastovo (11.8%) indicates founder effect. While in 1991 some 8,800 Croats were living in Kosovo, by 1998 the number had [1] In the 2018 study, 10 out of 17 samples from Croatia had a successful Y-DNA sequencing; two Croatia Cardial Neolithic (6005-5786 BCE) samples from Zemunica Cave belonged to C1a2 and E1b1b1a1b1, Early-Neolithic Starevo culture (5837-5659 BCE) from Beli Manastir-Popova zemlja to C, Early-Neolithic Croatia Impressa culture (5641-5560 BCE) from Kargadur to G2a2a1, two Middle-Neolithic Sopot culture (5207-4546 BCE) samples from Osijek to G2a2a1 and J2a1, Late-Neolithic Sopot (4790-4558 BCE) from Beli Manastir-Popova zemlja to I, two Vuedol culture (2884-2582 BCE) samples from Beli Manastir-Popova zemlja and Vuedol Tell to R1b1a1a2a2 and G2a2a1a2a, and the Early-Middle Bronze Age (1631-1521 BCE) sample from Veliki Vanik belonged to J2b2a. [53], Other mtDNA haplogroup with notable local peaks are: HV subclades with low frequencies in the mainland and coast (0.4-2.1%) but average (4.1-4.6) in islands, and high in Dubrovnik (7.7%)[53] and Bra (10.5%). Croatia: Religious affiliation Zagreb There is traditionally a close correlation between ethnic identity and religious affiliation. It would be worthwhile to add that the Croatian national flag is derived from the chessboard, thus some nationalist historians consider Croatians the descendants of Bozorgmehr, the chess master and minister of the Sassanid era. [41] R-M558 subclade CTS1211 was also found among Hungarian conquerors which indicates mixing and assimilation of the Slavs among the Hungarians. English; ronald reagan quote 9 scariest words; hobby lobby 50th anniversary gifts [51] The 2014 study of a male skeleton found in Split from Late Roman Period (dated 176080 YBP) showed that it belonged to haplogroup H.[52], Genetically, on the maternal mitochondrial DNA line, a majority (>65%) of Croats from Croatia (mainland and coast) belong to three of the eleven major European mtDNA haplogroups - H (25.5-45%), U (18.85-22%), J (7.5-11%), while a large minority (>35%) belongs to many other smaller haplogroups. WebStavemakers gather Croatians in Alabama Croatian immigrant John Erzen with accordion / Alice and John Pezent in their latter years Over 80 descendants of the Erzens, Turks, Pezents and Pongeraytors pose for a reunion photo on the porch of the Clarke County Museum in Grove Hill Saturday. [56][53] It is the oldest European haplogroup (coalescence age circa 50,000 YBP) and its subclade U5 makes the majority of the haplogroup diversity in Europe. Even the given names list has expanded to include borrowed names from all over the world. [60], For decades the Croatian insular populations have been studied because of their isolation which can trace micro-evolutionary processes and understand evolutionary forces, like genetic drift (specific genetic expression), founder effect and population bottlenecks (reduction of population size) which shaped the contemporary population. [49] They are written in Greek, and were founded in the Greek colony of Tanais in the late 2nd and early 3rd century AD, at the time when the colony was surrounded by Sarmatians. [88] As such, Croatian name would not be an ethnonym, but a social designation for a group of elite warriors of diverse origin which ruled over the conquered Slavic population on the Avar Khaganate's boundary,[88][83][76] the designation eventually becoming an ethnonym[88] imposed to the Slavic groups. [23][15], In the late 19th century, the most significant impact on the future historiography had Franjo Raki, and the intellectual and political circle around Josip Juraj Strossmayer. Both are present in "informative frequencies in Balkan populations with known Slavonic heritage". Margeti initially advanced late 8th and early 9th century migration of Croats as Slavic vassals of Franks during the Frank-Avar war (which will be later adapted by Ante Miloevi, Mladen Ani, Vladimir Sokol),[90][91][92][93] but rejected it and instead argued that the Croats were one of Bulgarian tribes and leading social class which were named in honor of Kubrat's victory over Avars. [15] Similarly Henry Hoyle Howorth asserted that the White Croats were a Bulgar warrior caste to whom was given land in the Western Balkans due to expulsion of the Pannonian Avars following the revolt of Kubrat against the Avar Khaganate. Croatian Galleons were in regular trade with Spain, Portugal, France, England, Itlay, and the Ottoman Turks prior to the discovery of America. [27] However, STR-based calculations give overestimated dates,[28][29] and more specifically, the cluster is represented by a single SNP, I-PH908, known as I2a1a2b1a1a1c in ISOGG phylogenetic tree (2019), and according to YFull YTree it formed and had TMRCA approximately 1,850-1,700 YBP. [15][71] This is further substantiated by the fact that this story is very similar to other adaptations of Herodotus (IV 33.3) "the Croatian migration did not take place, but Constantine Porphyrogenitus created it relying on the literary models traditionally applied to described the Landnahme of Scythian Barbarians. WebStavemakers gather Croatians in Alabama Croatian immigrant John Erzen with accordion / Alice and John Pezent in their latter years Over 80 descendants of the Erzens, Turks, Pezents and Pongeraytors pose for a reunion photo on the porch of the Clarke County Museum in Grove Hill Saturday. Khagan, the Kosezes/Kasazes, Ban and upan. [38] This scenario can only be explained with the possible distortion of the cultural and ethnic identity of the native Romanized population that happened after the fall of West Roman Empire, and that the new Slavic language and culture was seen as a prestigious idiom they had to, or wanted to accept. I. Sobolevski gave the first systematic theory about the Iranian origin which until today did not change in basic lines. Q) was found in unusually high frequencies due to founder effect in the islands of Hvar (7.69-14%), Lastovo (8.3%) and Korula (6%). [14] John Skylitzes in his work Madrid Skylitzes identified Croats and Serbs as Scythians. (2015). Croatian Galleons were in regular trade with Spain, Portugal, France, England, Itlay, and the Ottoman Turks prior to the discovery of America. [11][13] The region had a specific role in the structuring of European, and particularly among Slavic, paternal genetic heritage, characterized by the predominance of R1a and I, and scarcity of E lineages. [15], The Slavic theory about the 7th century migration from Zakarpattia or Lesser Poland remains the mainstream historiographical and archaeological theory. [42][43] Also, in the Thomas the Archdeacon's work the starting emphasis is on the decadence of people from Salona, and as such scholars consider the emergence of newcomers Goths/Croats was actually seen as a kind of God's scourge for sinful Romans. The regional influences are embraced instead of being resisted, with little dabs of Croatian class added to great effect. [59] The thesis was subsequently supported by Francis Dvornik, George Vernadsky, Roman Jakobson, Tadeusz Sulimirski, and Oleg Trubachyov. [12][15] Their frequency show northsouth gradiation and an opposite frequency distribution to the haplogroup I-P37.2,[21] and the highest frequency is observed in the northern, central and eastern Croatia. [13][21] The eastern Adriatic coast was much further south. [75][76] As arguments for his thesis he considered the Tatar-Bashkir derivation of Croatian ethnonym;[75] that Croats and Avars are almost always mentioned together;[75] distribution of Avarian type of settlements where the Croatian ethnonym was as toponym, pagus Crouuati in Carinthia and Kraubath in Styria;[75] this settlements had Avarian names with suffix *-iki (-itji);[75] the commander of those settlements was Avarian Ban which name is located in the center of those settlements, Faning/Banie < Baniki in Carinthia, and Fahnsdorf < Bansdorf in Styria;[75] the Avarian officers titles, besides Mong.-Turk. [49] The 2018 study which included 17 samples from Croatia; Mesolithic (7308-7027 BCE) from Vela Spila to U5b2b, three Croatia Cardial Neolithic (6005-5751 BCE) samples from Zemunica Cave to H1, K1b1a and N1a1, Early-Neolithic Starevo (5837-5659 BCE) from Beli Manastir-Popova zemlja to U8b1b1, two Early-Neolithic Croatia Impressa (5670-5560 BCE) samples from Kargadur to H5a and H7c, two Middle-Neolithic Sopot (5207-4546 BCE) samples from Osijek to U5a1a2 and H10, two Late-Neolithic Sopot (4790-4536 BCE) samples from Beli Manastir-Popova zemlja to U5b2b and N1a1, Eneolithic (3710-3360 BCE) from Radovanci to J1c2, three Vuedol (3000-2582 BCE) samples from Beli Manastir-Popova zemlja and Vucedol Tell to T2e, T2c2 and U4a, Early-Middle Bronze Age (1631-1521 BCE) from Veliki Vanik to I1a1, and the Late Bronze Age (805-761 BCE) sample from Jazinka Cave belonged to HV0e. Croatians now follow a unique, and slightly complex structuring, lettering, naming custom and composition, which is similar to most of the European naming systems. It is considered that this identification of Croats with Goths is based on a local Croatian Trpimirovi dynastic myth from the 11th century, paralleling Hungarian rpd dynasty's myth of originating from the Hunnic leader Attila. [114] Others argue that the "Bijelo Brdo and Vukovar cemeteries can hardly be regarded evidence of a pre-Croatian Slavic population in northern Croatia" and they rather "represent a population fleeing the Magyars" during the 10th century". Claire Dubrey actress (father was from Dalmatia) Jenna Elfman television and movie actress (of partial Croatian descent; niece of Tony Butala) Judah Friedlander actor and comedian (mother of Croatian descent) Mira Furlan television and film actress. [35][32][36] According to Pamjav et al. [53] A moderate genetic isolate can also be considered for the continental population of mountainous region umberak because they had a loose affinity with Uskoks's proposed region of origin (Bosnians, Herzegovinians, southern Croatians) or to their current closest neighbors (northern Croatians and Slovenians). [57], Haplogroup V (under HV > HV0) is a younger sister clade of haplogroup H,[53] and has almost the same minimum and maximum frequency (4-5.7%) in both continental and insular populations, with exception in Korula (8.2%),[57] as well lower frequency in Mljet (1.5%), Lastovo (2%) and Dubrovnik (3.3%). WebMany of the Serbs in Croatia are descendants of people who migrated to the border areas of the Holy Roman Empire between the 16th and 18th centuries, following the Ottoman conquest of Serbia and Bosnia. Croatians now follow a unique, and slightly complex structuring, lettering, naming custom and composition, which is similar to most of the European naming systems. [53], Haplogroup W frequency in the mainland and coastal population is between 2.2 and 4.2%, while between insular populations 1.9-3.1%, with exception in Krk (7.5%),[57] and Cres (12.6%). croatian boys names male given man genealogy Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. [27][40], The Iranian, also known as Iranian-Caucasian theory, dates to the 1797 and the doctoral dissertation by Josip Mikoczy-Blumenthal who, as the dissertation mysteriously disappeared in 1918 and was preserved only a short review, considered that Croats originated from Sarmatians who were descending from Medes in North-Western Iran. WebThe definition of Croatian ethnogenesis begins with the definition of ethnicity, [1] according to which an ethnic group is a socially defined category of people who identify with each other based on common ancestral, social, cultural or other experience, and which shows a certain durability over the long period term of time. [29][28] The official theory also ignored some historical sources, like the account of Constantine VII, and considered that the Croats and Serbs were the same Slavic people who arrived in one and the same migration, and unwilling to consider foreign elements in those separate societies. Hope that makes sense. The data from Y-DNA and autosomal DNA suggests that the Croats mostly are descendants of the Slavs from medieval migration period, according to mtDNA have genetic diversity which fits within a broader European maternal genetic landscape, and overall have a uniformity with other South Slavs from the territory of former Yugoslavia. WebThe data from Y-DNA and autosomal DNA suggests that the Croats mostly are descendants of the Slavs from medieval migration period, according to mtDNA have genetic diversity which fits within a broader European maternal genetic landscape, and overall have a uniformity with other South Slavs from the territory of former Yugoslavia . [54] The highest frequency in Croatia observed in population of island Korula (60.2%), Susak (66%) and Mljet (73.5%),[53][55] while lowest frequency in islands Cres (27.7%),[56] and Hvar (27.8%). "[72] Bury considered that the White Croats' Chrobatos and Bulgars' Kubrat were the same person from the Bulgars ethnic group, as well derived the Croatian title Ban from the personal name of Avar khagan Bayan I and Kubrat's son Batbayan. In the Neolithic period in Southeast Europe were founded major cultures like Vina, Varna, Starevo. According to Admixture and PCA it revealed "that the analyzed individuals are slightly shifted from the Anatolia Neolithic cluster in the direction of Western European hunter-gatherers, similar to other Middle to Late Neolithic European farmers before the arrival of [Western] steppe ancestry", as on average had approximately 91% Anatolian Neolithic Farmers (ANF) and 9% Western Hunter-Gatherer (WHG)-related ancestry, being very distant from modern Croats. Resisted, with little dabs of Croatian class added to great effect so I do know... Prevailing is I2a1a ( I-P37.2 ) i.e A.D. and palace guards to Caliphs... Instead of being resisted, with little dabs of Croatian class added to great.... Haplogroup 's N subclades are rare in croatia ( 0-2.2 % ) indicates founder effect ( 11.8 %.! 48 ] in 1853 were discovered the two Tanais Tablets names list has to! Include borrowed names from all over the world Southeast Europe were founded major cultures like Vina, Varna,.. To great effect the two Tanais Tablets % ) ] the thesis was supported. Change in basic lines East, approximately 25,000-13,000 years ago and Bosnians look so different from any out. Constantine VII does not identify Croats with Slavs, nor does he point differences... From Zakarpattia or Lesser Poland remains the mainstream historiographical and archaeological theory the subclade 's very! 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