WebThe article is a contribution to an expanded understanding of non-Western indigenous psychological perspectives. In fact, they have their own culture universal inasmuch as the ultimate aim of Sikolohiyang Pilipino is to contribute to Some of the indigenous research methods that have been identiied are Enriquez searched the Filipino culture and history for the bases of Sikolohiyang Pilipino instead of tracing these back to Western theories. management, structure of the questions, interpretation without their being aware It is also concerned with folk practices or indigenous techniques of healing, popular religio-political movements, and community or rural psychology. 1980s pointed out the twin problem of the inapplicability of foreign-made tests and Samahan sa Sikolohiyang Pilipino (PSSP, National Association for Filipino information and understanding (isip), habits and behavior (another meaning of dishonest and socially ingratiating and relecting a deceptive verbal description of to ask the researcher as many questions as they want, therefore acting much like a the inadequacy as well as the unfairness of the Western-oriented approaches to 
He encouraged Filipino scholars to take a second look at these values using a Filipino orientation. (In fact the authors believe that regionalism is a myth, woven to sow disunity among Filipinos.) inevitably culture-bound, the picture of the Filipino has been inaccurate, if not During his lifetime, Enriquez traveled a lot and in some cases lived for some time in Local And Global Communication In Multicultural Setting, Chapter 1-Introduction in History (Reading in Philippine History), Lesson 2 The Self, Society, and Culture (understanding the Self), STS - Intellectual Revolution Middle East, Customs of the Tagalog, Readings in Philippines, The seed of discontent by Teodoro Agoncillo, Aral pan5 q1 mod1 kaugnayan-ng-lokasyon-sa-paghubog-ng-kasaysayan Final 07242020, English-for-academic-and-professional-purposes-quarter-2-module-2 compress, 1. cblm-participate-in-workplace-communication, Activity 1 Solving the Earths Puzzle ELS Module 12. knowledge of ones true worth, character, achievement and success. What is non-moral standards? In 1992, Enriquez came out with Indigenous Psychology: A Book of Readings. knowledge (kalooban and kamalayan), awareness of ones surroundings (ulirat), WebSikolohiyang Pilipino is anchored on Filipino thought and experience as understoodfrom a Filipino perspective (Enriquez, 1975). debt connotes, because in the Filipino pattern of interpersonal relations, there is Sikolohiyang Pilipino (Filipino psychology) refers to the psychology born out of the In Filipino social interaction, one is immediately placed into one of these two categories; and how one is placed determines the level of interaction one is shown. They share the very same values that Filipinos in the Philippines hold dear, such as respect for elders, sense of family and community, value for education, appreciation of the language, and devotion to religion. In reality, the foreigner or the Westernized Filipino is impatient with this mode of communication, and questions the usefulness of this cultural way. Regarding psychological practice, it endorses the conceptualization of psychological practice in a Philippine context, for example, livelihood psychology instead of industrial psychology, health psychology instead of clinical psychology. BS in Psychology 100% (8) Module 2 Katutubong Konsepto SA Sikolohiyang Pilipino 1. formulations of Sikolohiyang Pilipino were formally articulated. Evidently, it is the external aspect which foreign To the Filipinos, they are being frank about their feelings, but they just do not express this verbally. The Filipino personality is a popular area of study of many foreign scholars who came to the Philippines. Pakikisama vs. pakikipagkapwa. From these researches, a WebSikolohiyang Pilipino (Filipino psychology) refers to the psychology born out of the experience, thought and orientation of the Filipinos, based on the full use of Filipino was the lack of a textbook. WebSikilohiyang Pilipinos strong commitment to the development of national identity and consciousness inspired a renewed critical interest in the scientific study of the Filipino personality. In the 1970s and 1980s there were quite a number of these organizations in the United States (San Francisco and New Haven), Japan, Malaysia, Thailand and Hongkong. Bartolome. will jeopardize the situation of the people, then it should not be continued. The importance of Sikolohiyang Pilipino would help Filipinos to recognize their personality and culture that would help them find their own sense of belongingness and allows them to categorize themselves from the influences of western colonizers. philosophical concept of essence and an entire range of psychological concepts She looked into the essential elements other side of the divide. watch soap operas on television, and so on. Your children will see to it that it is recognized and respected. It was in the early 1970s that this was initiated when Virgilio Gaspar Enriquez returned to the Philippines from Northwestern University, USA with a Ph.D. in Social Psychology and lost no time in introducing the concept of Sikolohiyang Pilipino (Filipino Psychology). But looking at utang na loob more closely in the context of Filipino culture, it actually means gratitude/solidarity. to be under the realms of Western psychology. places; the 1997 one was in Puerto Princesa in Palawan. WebWhat is the importance of studying Rizal; Newest. A woman who was raped is not stripped of her dangal even though her puri was taken away. It is thus concerned with proper applications to health, agriculture, art, mass media, religion, and other spheres of peoples daily life. One essential ability that researchers must possess, whatever method they are using, is pakikiramdam, a special kind of sensitivity to cues which will guide them in their interaction with group members, especially with Filipinos who are used to indirect and non-verbal manner of communicating and expressing thoughts, attitudes, feelings and emotions. in Social Psychology and lost no time in 1. Since the articles in the book were in both Filipino and English, the book was given an English subtitle, Filipino Psychology: Theory, Method and Application. With some affixes, it becomes negative, e.g., napahiya; with others, positive, e.g., mahiyain (shy); and in still other forms, it can either be positive or negative depending on the context, e.g., kahihiyan (sense of propriety, or embarrassment). This will extensively support the study of Virgilio G. Enriquez about Pagkataong Pilipino- The Value System of Philippine Psychology. The Sikolohiyang Pilipino perspective interprets bahala na diferently. (1985) also noted the phenomenon of measures being locally developed (d) Psycho-medical system with religion as cohesive element and explanation. Not only do the poor eat diferent food, if they eat at all, but they also have their Questions and Answers, Ang Pagkakaiba ng Pangkabuuang Pananaw at Pananaw ng mga Bahagi Lamang, Hinduism, Theravada Buddhism, and Mahayana Buddhism: Similarities and Differences, Plano Upang Mapaunlad Ang Pagkatuto Gamit Ang Mga Gawain Sa Mind Mapping, Ang Aking Plano Para sa Kursong Nais: Ilang Aktibidad, Jose Rizals Love for Francisco Mercado Rizal, His Father, Klimang Tropikal: Klima at Panahon sa Mga Rehiyon, Nagbabago ang mga ugnayan ng tao dahil sa sistema ng lipunan, Kahulugan ng Sosyalismo, Epekto, at Kahinaan nito, Lipunang Birtwal: Mga Katangian at Pamamaraan, Paano Nahuhubog Ng Tao Ang Lipunan At Ng Lipunan Ang Tao, Mga Epekto ng Pakikilahok sa Mga Gawaing Pansibiko. However, Grace Orteza has improved on Sikolohiyang Lazo, de Jesus & Tiglao, 1976; Ramos, 1977). of it. If the (Those who do not look back to where they came from will not reach their destination). questions Sikolohiyang Pilipinos methodology and practice and traces the problem WebThe importance of Sikolohiyang Pilipino would help Filipinos to recognize their personality and culture that would help them find their own sense of belongingness and allows them 
The goal of research is to gain understanding, but not at the Estrada-Claudios radical postmodern feminist thinking should be given some consideration, although it is not an approach that has gained popularity in the discipline of psychology in the Philippines. Through his correspondence with Lagmay, Enriquez learned that the matter of teaching in the Filipino language was being taken up eagerly. As principal methods of investigation, Sikolohiyang Pilipino encourages cross- Hiya. which utilized dimensions of personality that are relevant to Filipinos. psychology (common to the Filipinos, culled from language, culture, literature, etc., One essential ability promote a more regional focus, and to encourage a more national view of then feels an obligation to repay the debt in the future when the helper himself (sic) Lagmay had always been supportive of a Filipino orientation in The research, aside from being enlightening for the respondents, should also be empowering. David taught psychology in Filipino the year before he left to pursue his Ph.D. at Temple University in Pennsylvania. (participant observation) (Bennagen, 1985), pakikisama (getting along with) that researchers must possess, whatever method they are using, is pakikiramdam, a Filipino personality. Enriquez asserted that alternative perspectives from non-western psychologies should be put to use. Fourth, the method to be used in a research should be chosen on the basis of appropriateness to the population (and not sophistication of the method) and it should be made to adapt to existing cultural norms. Guanzon Impact on the teaching of psychology in the Philippines, In a U. Ito ang sikolohiyang bunga ng Karanasa, Kaisipan, at Oryentasyong Pilipino (KKO). introduced the concept of Sikolohiyang Pilipino (Filipino Psychology) Virgilio Enriquez. For Salazar, the history and traditions of a particular culture is sufficient to contribute to universal psychology. interaction can range from pakikitungo (transaction/civility with), to pakikisalamuha Philippine Psychology is an area of concentration in the Ph.D. program of the U.P. personality measurement, citing developments in the areas of personality testing, pakikipagkuwentuhan (story telling or informal conversations) (Orteza, 1997), Pioneering eforts were made by Elizabeth This is fundamentally the American-oriented Western psychology being studied in the Philippines. For example, if one is regarded as ibang-tao, the interaction can range from pakikitungo (transaction/civility with), to pakikisalamuha (inter-action with), to pakikilahok (joining/participating), to pakikibagay (inconformity with/in-accord with), and to pakikisama (being along with). They visit the indigenous healers for have probably done their best to prepare for the forthcoming situation. psychology. Because its goal is to generalize research findings, this brand of psychology seeks to apply western theories and methods to non-western societies and cultures. body with a local dress. Then, the developing culture-fair models are tried, tested, and compared with standard methods and theories in psychology. approach (without any one of them neglecting or emphasizing only one approach) WebSikolohiyang Pilipino encourages cross indigenous method, multi-method multi-language approach, appropriate field methods, total approach (triangulation method) It is also against the imposition to a Third World country of psychologies developed in industrialized countries. 1975) and a 1976 article on perspectives and directions of Sikolohiyang Pilipino schools of higher learning, under the leadership of individual monks and preachers pagtatanong- tanong (improvised informal, unstructured interview) (Pe-Pua, 1989), (Those who do not look back For him, what is important is the immediate application of psychology in understanding and helping solve the problems in Philippine society. (inter- action with), to pakikilahok (joining/participating), to pakikibagay (in- Greater importance is attached to kamalayan (psyche), thus subsidiary importance attached to ulirat (lower level of physical consciousness). language. everything to God. She thinks that a phenomenological approach, So, the students and Pe-Pua immediately worked at gathering It presents an alternative framework of looking at human behavior particularly in the context of non-Western cultures and identifies key concepts in Torres used and developed the Filipino Fourth, the method to be used in a research should be chosen on the basis of Puri refers to honor which is physical, such as that bestowed through compliments or applauses for a good performance, thus external. Carlota (1980) noted several trends in Its philosophical antecedents include (a) empirical philosophy, academic- It is imperative then for psychologists to develop the discipline by abstraction, elucidation and articulation of new concepts and theories, thus, enriching that tradition. She proposes to de-construct the He Pilipino by underscoring the need for a socio-historical perspective in understanding Torres used and developed the Filipino language in psychology consistently and continuously, inspiring others to follow. psychological systems worked out by Filipinos with indigenous elements as basis) popularity in the discipline of psychology in the Philippines. Psychology and culture. She thinks that a phenomenological approach, although perhaps useful in the past, can no longer move Sikolohiyang Pilipino forward. Today, a large percentage of classes at the Department are conducted in Filipino, whether completely or partially. forward. from a Filipino perspective (Enriquez, 1975). The irst faculty member to teach the course was Jose Ma. He wrote: once AKO starts thinking of himself as separate from KAPWA, the Filipino self gets to be individuated as in the Western sense and, in effect, denies the status of KAPWA to the other. (Enriquez, as quoted in Kapwahan, n.d.). Philippine Psychology is principally postcolonial and is regarded as a kind of The most prominent debate in the area was initiated by Zeus personal questions and when not to pursue them; when it is time to leave; or how However, there was no concerted effort in the 1960s to reject and correct the traditional way of teaching and studying psychology. It declares both the scientific and She noted that these emphatic feeling for another andskill in sizing up each other involved in pakiramdam were active emotional processes that involved great attention to subtle cues. To him, Sikolohiyang Pilipino exists as long as there are Filipinos. He therefore also questions Sikolohiyang Pilipinos methodology and practice and traces the problem to Sikolohiyang Pilipinos underlying philosophy (Tangco, 1998). Such a universal psychology is perhaps more of a vision than a reality. Like how our culture did. own mother tongue that a person can truly express their innermost sentiments, It must be stressed at the outset though that developing a particularistic psychology such as Filipino psychology is not anti-universal inasmuch as the ultimate aim of Sikolohiyang Pilipino is to contribute to universal psychology, which can be realized only if each group of people is adequately understood by themselves and from their own perspective. The conferences and Perpetuated the colonization of the Filipino mind. Thus, using American categories and standards, the native Filipino reciprocity which is useful for maintaining the image of the colonizer as benefactor. They further noted that the 1970s saw tests developed in creativity, self-perception, personality and vocational testing, and the 1980s an increased interest in personality testing, with a number of researchers doing studies on the Filipino child and the Filipino adolescent. theories and measures into Filipino. (U. counsellors to non-directive ones who are perceived to be detached and non-caring. information on both published and unpublished work in the area of psychological tradition of Thomistic philosophy and psychology. )), Science Explorer Physical Science (Michael J. Padilla; Ioannis Miaculis; Martha Cyr), Theories of Personality (Gregory J. Feist), The Law on Obligations and Contracts (Hector S. De Leon; Hector M. Jr De Leon), Principles of Managerial Finance (Lawrence J. Gitman; Chad J. Zutter), Principios de Anatomia E Fisiologia (12a. Thus, using American categories and standards, the native Filipino invariably suffers from the comparison in not too subtle attempts to put forward Western behavior patterns as models for the Filipino (Enriquez, 1992, p. 57). It develops psychology as a science and psychology as an art. Bulatao (1978, cited in Enriquez, 1992), for example, made the following observations regarding counselling in the Philippines: Filipinos are freer to be themselves when in a sympathetic group of friends than in a one on one situation. psychology. type of indigenization was given more emphasis after the translation attempts failed vocational testing, and the 1980s an increased interest in personality testing, with a practice in a Philippine context, for example, livelihood psychology instead of Sylvia Estrada-Claudio (1997) was also critical of the notions of indigenous cultural elements and concepts because of the assumption that such are inherent or given in a culture. measurement, and saw a recent upsurge in the development of indigenous (people or mass). It decently aims, among others, to build a community of peoplestudents and non-students alikewho love to read, learn, and seek wisdom. methodologically on the side of analysis but interprets the result of analysis with a For example, psychological tests were psychology of Filipinos (as observed by foreigners or as felt and expressed by. katarungan (justice), and kalayaan (freedom). Andres published the Dictionary of Filipino Culture and Values, he still deines bahala In fact, the word indigenization is erroneous because how can you indigenize something which is already indigenous? status of psychology in the Philippines. positivist framework. . The first one was held in 1975 to discuss the status of psychology in the Philippines. industrial psychology, health psychology instead of clinical psychology. Sikolohiyang Pilipino is a step towards contributing to universal Utang na loob is a the following observations regarding counselling in the Philippines: Filipinos are The primary held at the Abelardo Auditorium at U. is in need of aid, or he (sic) may repay his debt by sending gifts. Association for Filipino Psychology), as well as several monographs by the PPRTH. There is hesitation to react, attention to subtle cues, and non-verbal behavior in mental role-playing (if I were in the others situation, how would I feel). (b) Academic-philosophical psychology: the Western (mainly clerical) language in psychology consistently and continuously, inspiring others to follow. Thus, it is not regionalism which divides the Filipinos. to capture or express a truly Filipino psychology. is a fatalistic resignation or withdrawal from an engagement or crisis or a shirking Bahala Na. meanings of the word hiya depending on its form nakakahiya (embarrassing), In place of clinical psychology and industrial psychology, he brought in health psychology, livelihood psychology, rural psychology, psychology of the arts, and others. In fact, the word indigenization is erroneous because how Several materials in the different areas of psychology were published. Salazar criticized the dearth of locally developed tests (Carlota, 1980; Guanzon, 1985; Lazo, 1977; express themselves (without fear of making grammatical mistakes and then being given situation in the spirit of pakikipagkapwa. Pilipino as articulated by Enriquez. However, this does not mean that one has to set aside and ignore the specific aspects of man associated with his culture (p. 27). continued long after his death in 1994 such as the holding of annual national On the mentalism-behaviorism issue, Sikolohiyang Pilipino admits both but with lesser emphasis on individual experience and with greater emphasis on the collective experience of a people with a common bond of history. Intermediate Accounting (Conrado Valix, Jose Peralta, Christian Aris Valix), Auditing and Assurance Services: an Applied Approach (Iris Stuart), The Tragedy of American Diplomacy (William Appleman Williams), Rubin's Pathology (Raphael Rubin; David S. Strayer; Emanuel Rubin; Jay M. McDonald (M.D. Among Filipinos, these are a matter of fact, taken for granted, because they are what they are born into and grow up with. Refers to the psychology born out of the experience, thought and orientation of the Filipinos, based on the full use of Filipino culture and language. WebANO ang Sikolohiya ng mga Pilipino Refers to any theories or knowledge of Filipino nature regardless of source (local or foreign) Principal Emphasis: To foster national There seems to be a Zeus Salazar (1985a), a historian, later examined the history of Sikolohiyang Pilipino and came up with a description of the four filiations of Philippine psychology: Enriquez (1985, 1992) set out to define the major characteristics of Sikolohiyang Pilipino. structure of Filipino values. Its proponents continue to advocate for a psychology that is truly responsive and reflective to the needs and the unique situation of the Filipino people. Sikolohiyang Pilipino, according to him, should focus on the lived experiences of people immersed in Philippine life and culture. immediate future, for the opportunity to show utang na loob might come only in the It is a beautiful element of Filipino interpersonal relationships that binds a person to his or her home community or home country. It attempts to give national form and substance to the scientific discipline of psychology by critically examining the strong influence of American psychological models in Philippine psychology and explains how the practical implications of "Sikolohiyang Pilipino" in therapy differ from Western methods. ideas, perceptions, and attitudes. Enriquez for including the study of Filipino- Americans in the discourse of this article.) It must be noted that Enriquezs PUP and three other examples of Philippine personality measures may actually have cross-cultural similarities in the dimensions they measure (Guanzon-Lapena, Church, Carlota, & Katigbak, 1998). Several indigenous research methods have been described and these methods typically emphasize the importance of the researcher-participant relationship. Further to his role in defining the characteristics and perspectives of Sikolohiyang Pilipino and charting its direction, Enriquez spearheaded several activities that have continued long after his death in 1994 such as the holding of annual national conferences on Filipino psychology. Sibley (1965), an American scholar, translated hiya as shame. (There are many other examples which are discussed further in this was initiated when Virgilio Gaspar Enriquez returned to the Philippines from (We will return to this framework for leadership among Filipinos. of culture, the use of the local languages and the development of a national in some French for comfort, the Filipino masses speak Filipino and a regional Panukat ng Ugali at Pagkatao (PUP) (Measure of Character and Personality) in 1975 someone), etc. This makes them insiders to a significant extent. Western behavior patterns as models for the Filipino (Enriquez, 1992, p. 57). Filipino-Americans do not have what both Salazar and Enriquez calls a national consciousness precisely because they are outsiders and unable to participate in national discourse that shapes consciousness. interpersonal relationships that Filipinos are most concerned with, but and external aspects of hiya. ethical responsibility of researchers should be to the people and not to their psychology that takes into account the study of emotions and experienced We use cookies to improve your website experience. These Filipino values, together with other colonial interpretations offered by the foreign scholars, have been transmitted from one generation to another, thus perpetuating a distorted, if not false, picture of the Filipino. Unfortunately, psychology is still a far from that goal in spite of over a hundred years of scientific research, said Enriquez (1987, p. 279). undergraduate level for the irst time. knowledge, beliefs and practices as related to the various applications and areas of Since the inception of Sikolohiyang Pilipino there has been a number of issues and of other cultures and ethnicities. particularly in the area of personality measurement. Pakikiramdam is a request to feel or to be sensitive to. With some aixes, it becomes negative, e., napahiya; with others, (Orteza, 1997). Thus there were conferences held in Tacloban, Bicol, Marawi and other Salazar (1985b), through his analysis of indigenous history and culture of the Filipinos, points out the internality-externality component in the Filipino personality. Associated with the above are societal values such as karangalan (dignity), katarungan (justice), and kalayaan (freedom). Why being hospitable is important? diferent topic, and it is within the researchers capability to help, then they should the classroom from grade school to high school. Several materials in the diferent areas of psychology were published. In the area of Filipino Personality, Enriquez, together with PPRH, developed the Panukat ng Ugali at Pagkatao (PUP) (Measure of Character and Personality) in 1975 which utilized dimensions of personality that are relevant to Filipinos. First, there should be a psychological tradition in Philippine culture before one can say that there is such a concept as Sikolohiyang Pilipino. Sikolohiyang Pilipinos principal emphasis in psychology is on identity and national knowledge cannot be found at the level of phenomenon or experience but rather in While it emphasizes the objective study of psychology, Sikolohiyang Pilipino also believes in the use of psychology in helping to develop a national culture which is into Western-dominated but considers the aspirations of the Filipino. (Psychology 108) was concerned. If you have taken the time to understand their cultural ways, you will know that it is very important to spend time establishing rapport, letting them interview you first so they would feel comfortable enough to disclose their opinions, knowledge and experiences to you. Such an endeavor may be considered as a contribution to universal psychology. Cipres-Ortega and Guanzon-Lapena (1997) documented and organized the information on both published and unpublished work in the area of psychological measurement, and saw a recent upsurge in the development of indigenous psychological measures. For example, he would ask the young Virgilio to read the days English language paper, but read it out loud in Filipino as if it was originally written in that language. Through the discovery and use of indigenous concepts and methods, Sikolohiyang Pilipino is contributing to a truly universal psychology which is based on a new set of principles: diversity and equality. ( d ) Psycho-medical System with religion as cohesive element and explanation regionalism is myth... Extensively support the study of Filipino- Americans in the context of Filipino,. Reciprocity which is useful for maintaining the image of the Filipino language was being taken eagerly. 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